University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Discipline: Multidisciplinary/Interdisciplinary Publisher: University of Bohol
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Parental Involvement and Academic Performance among Multigrade Learners in Antequera District, Bohol: A Descriptive-Correlational Study
Parental involvement is widely recognized as a key factor influencing learners’ academic performance in multigrade schools. This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental involvement and the academic performance of multigrade learners in the Antequera District, Bohol. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive–correlational design with comparative analysis, the study was conducted in six multigrade schools with a population of 154 learners living with both biological parents, of whom 140 were sampled. Data were collected using the Parental Involvement Questionnaire–Elementary by Grover, adhering to research ethics. Findings revealed that most respondents were 8–9 years old, predominantly female, and from low-income households where fathers were often laborers and mothers were unemployed. Mothers demonstrated high involvement in parenting and moderate engagement in communication and school activities, while fathers showed high parenting involvement but low-to-moderate participation in school-based practices. Academic performance indicated that almost half of the learners did not meet expectations in Language and in Mathematics, with few achieving “Outstanding” ratings. Maternal involvement was significantly correlated with performance in Language, Mathematics, and overall averages, whereas paternal involvement was positively correlated only with Mathematics. In conclusion, this quantitative cross-sectional descriptive–correlational with comparative analysis study in Antequera District, Bohol, highlights parental involvement as a critical variable influencing multigrade learners’ academic performance, underscoring the importance of maternal engagement in language and mathematics outcomes.
descriptive–correlational design with comparative analysis
Copyright (c) 2026 Elaine Joyce G. Diez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Principals' Leadership Practices and Teacher Job Performance in Public Elementary Schools in Tagbilaran City, Bohol
The study examined instructional leadership, transformational leadership, distributed leadership, ethical leadership, and leadership for learning. It examined how these leadership styles correlate with teachers' lesson delivery, learning environment management, administrative responsibilities, interpersonal skills, and professional development for School Year 2025-2026. The study employed a quantitative-descriptive-correlational design with 16 principals and 195 public elementary school teachers. Standardized and customized questionnaires were used, and interviews supplemented the quantitative results. The data were analyzed using the weighted mean, standard deviation, Spearman's rho, and analysis of variance. The findings indicated that principals had high-to-very-high leadership practices, whereas teachers demonstrated high levels of job performance across all dimensions. The study also found no significant relationship between demographic profile variables and leadership practices or teacher job effectiveness. Effective leadership has a significant impact on teachers' job performance (rho = 0.312, p < .05), indicating that it enhances instructional efficacy and productivity. The results validated Hallinger's Instructional Leadership Theory, Burns' Transformational Leadership Theory, Spillane's Distributed Leadership Theory, and Brown and Trevino's Ethical Leadership Theory. A contextualized Leadership Enhancement and Development (LEAD) Program was proposed to improve school leadership skills and teacher development.
quantitative-descriptive-correlational design
Copyright (c) 2026 Elsa C. Suarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Learning Styles and Mathematics Performance of Grade 11 Students at the University of Bohol
This study determined the influence of learning-style-based instruction on the mathematics performance of Grade 11 students at the University of Bohol during the first semester of School Year 2022-2023. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with 155 students enrolled in General Mathematics was used. The Honey and Mumford Learning Style Inventory was used to determine students’ preferred learning styles; researcher-developed pretest and posttest measures were used to assess mathematical performance. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired-samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results showed that both control and experimental groups’ mathematics performance improved significantly following the intervention (p < .001). However, the posttest scores and mean gains did not differ significantly between the two groups. In addition, no significant difference in posttest scores was found by learning style preference (F = 0.587, p = .765). The study revealed that learning styles have no significant effect on students' achievement in mathematics. This may suggest that classroom environment, learner involvement, and quality instruction are more beneficial for increasing mathematics performance than learning styles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivonny V. Amistad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Factors Influencing Community Involvement Among Senior High School Students in Loon, Bohol
Community involvement is essential in shaping students’ holistic development and fostering active citizenship. This study examined the factors influencing community involvement among senior high school students in Loon, Bohol, during the academic year 2023–2024. The study employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, utilizing a standardized questionnaire administered to 316 randomly selected students and purposive interviews with four representatives from different school categories. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework. Findings revealed that individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and government factors significantly influenced students’ participation. While no significant relationship was found between student profiles and community involvement, differences were noted across school categories. Altruism emerged as the primary motivation, though challenges such as scheduling conflicts and transportation were reported, particularly in island schools. Community engagement was recognized as vital in nurturing leadership and social responsibility. The study, guided by socio-ecological and symbolic interactionism theories, concludes with advocacy recommendations such as parent-teacher collaboration, environmental campaigns, partnerships with NGOs and government, and the formation of student-led organizations to strengthen community involvement among senior high school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vince Nico C. Anquilero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Mathematics Teaching Anxiety Among Public Elementary Mathematics Teachers in Loon, Bohol
This study examined the relationship between Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and mathematics teaching anxiety among public elementary school mathematics teachers in Loon, Bohol during the School Year 2024–2025. Using a quantitative-correlational research design, data were collected from 89 mathematics teachers through standardized survey instruments, namely the TPACK.xs questionnaire and the Mathematics Teaching Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics, weighted mean, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation were employed in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that the respondents demonstrated a very high level of TPACK, particularly in pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and technological pedagogical content knowledge. Meanwhile, respondents exhibited a moderately low level of mathematics teaching anxiety. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between overall TPACK and mathematics teaching anxiety. However, pedagogical knowledge demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with mathematics teaching anxiety, indicating that teachers with stronger pedagogical competence tend to experience lower instructional anxiety. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening pedagogical competencies alongside technology integration initiatives to enhance teachers’ instructional confidence and emotional preparedness in mathematics education. The study recommends sustained professional development programs focusing on pedagogical enhancement, technology integration, and anxiety management strategies among mathematics teachers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marilou G. Narisma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
School-Based Reading Programs and Literacy Levels Among Kindergarten Pupils in Ubay III District, Bohol
This study evaluated the effectiveness of School-Based Reading Programs (SBRP) in enhancing the literacy levels of Kindergarten pupils in Ubay III. Using a descriptive-documentary survey design, data were gathered from 162 respondents—including 15 teachers,15 school heads, and 132 parents—through standardized tools adapted from Merto (2018) and Mendez (2019). The reading programs were assessed across five implementation domains, while literacy levels were measured in four key areas: words and sentences, rhymes, syllables, and phonemes. Results showed that reading programs were “highly performed,” and pupil literacy levels were rated as “very good,” with no significant differences based on demographic variables or respondent type. These findings affirm the effectiveness of structured, collaborative reading interventions in supporting early literacy. The study recommends continued support, training, and evaluation of SBRPs, along with greater parental involvement and further research into additional literacy factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christine Jane M. Masana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Influence of Guidance and Counselling Services on Students’ Mental Health Outcomes
This study explores the influence of guidance and Counselling services on the mental health outcomes of Senior High School students at the University of Bohol Victoriano D. Tirol Advanced Learning Center (UB VDTALC) for the 2024–2025 academic year. In response to rising mental health concerns among Filipino adolescents, particularly in Central Visayas, where socio-economic challenges and limited mental health resources prevail, school-based interventions play a crucial role. Using a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 304 Grade 12 students to assess the influence of guidance and Counselling services to students’ mental health outcomes. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the Influence of Guidance and Counselling Services and Mental Health Outcomes. However, the study also found that many students rarely access these services due to stigma, lack of awareness, and low visibility. As a result, the study proposes targeted enhancements to existing guidance and Counselling programs to improve accessibility, cultural relevance, and student engagement, ensuring the services are more effective in addressing adolescents' evolving mental health needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jessel S. Bacarisas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Self-Efficacy and Language Learning Strategies in Relation to English Language Proficiency of Senior High School Students, University of Bohol
This study investigates the interplay between academic self-efficacy, language learning strategies, and English proficiency among senior high school students in the Philippines, framed by the findings of the 2022 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite various educational reforms, Filipino students continue to perform below global averages in key academic areas, underlining persistent educational challenges. The research focuses on the University of Bohol's senior high school students, examining how their self-efficacy and language learning strategies correlate with their English language skills. The study employs a descriptive quantitative-correlational design, utilizing both self-made and modified questionnaires to assess these attributes among 252 participants. Results suggest a significant relationship between students' confidence in their academic abilities and their English proficiency, which is vital for their future academic and professional endeavors. The findings are expected to inform targeted educational interventions aimed at enhancing language skills and overall student outcomes in a global educational context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karen G. Estareja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Teachers’ Lived Experiences in Handling Cross-Disciplinary Subjects: Basis for Capacity-Building Programs
This study explored the lived experiences of senior high school teachers in the Department of Education, City Division of Tagbilaran, who were assigned to teach cross-disciplinary subjects. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve teachers who had at least two years of experience teaching outside their specialization. The data were examined via thematic analysis in accordance with Braun and Clarke's methodology. The findings uncovered five key themes, which are as follows: (1) issues about confidence and readiness; (2) dependence on support from peers and administration; (3) flexible pedagogical strategies; (4) difficulties in teaching and assessment; and (5) professional development and identity change. Although educators initially encountered difficulties due to a lack of subject-matter knowledge and formal training, they succeeded in overcoming these obstacles by engaging in self-directed learning and collaborating. The study highlights the importance of structured, contextually relevant capacity-building programs that involve focused professional development, mentorship, and institutional support systems. These findings can help legislators and school administrators improve support mechanisms for teachers engaging in cross-disciplinary teaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cres Ryan E. Paroginog https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Satisfaction Survey of The University of Bohol Victoriano D. Tirol Advanced Learning Center, SY 2025–2026
This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of the stakeholders of the University of Bohol Victoriano D. Tirol Advanced Learning Center (UB VDTALC) for the school year 2025 – 2026. The poll explicitly asked about satisfaction with Community, Campus Climate, Campus Support Services, Finance, Instruction and Curriculum, and Instructional Campus Support. The research was quantitative and descriptive and included a modified institutional satisfaction survey. The study randomly selected 1,053 participants, including children, parents, and instructors. Data analysis was performed using frequency counts and percentages, as well as the Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results revealed that most respondents reported being satisfied or highly satisfied with UB VDTALC's institutional service. Campus Climate and Instruction and Curriculum had the highest satisfaction scores, with Finance being the lowest, although still largely acceptable. The results showed that most respondents had their expectations met by their experiences and would choose the institution again. Statistically significant differences in satisfaction levels were observed among the respondent groups, as indicated by the Kruskal-Wallis test, with teachers being the most satisfied and learners the least satisfied. The results show that UB VDTALC has a high institutional performance, underscoring the need for financial support services and carrying out and implementing stakeholder engagement efforts to promote sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leah Wilfred E. Pilongo, Angelo P. Yuayan, Sofila La Fuente Gantalao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Self-Care And Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients InTagbilaran City, Bohol
This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-care practices and the quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 85 respondents from two dialysis centers, assessing their self-care behaviors using a modified Self-Care Measurement Scale and their quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Findings revealed that respondents had a “Very Good” level of self-care (Composite Mean = 3.47), particularly excelling in Dietary Regulation Factor, Stress Prevention Factor, and Therapeutic Diet Implementation Factor. Regarding quality of life, patients rated their QoL as “Very Good” (Composite Mean = 3.81), with the Psychological and Social Relationship Domains scoring slightly higher than Physical and Environmental Domains. Statistical analysis using Spearman’s Rank Correlation showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between self-care practices and overall quality of life, indicating that better self-care is associated with improved QoL. Based on these findings, a 5A Nursing Model–based self-management program was proposed to enhance and promote self-care interventions to improve the overall well-being of hemodialysis patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 Layna B. Opaco, Mark Nicholz C. Simporios, Mian Aphrodite C. Simporios, Faith A. Tadle, Nicole B. Bullanday, Earl John B. Lumayag, Kenneth C. Baguio, Ana Mae P. Panoga, Diana Rose R. Mallari, Kyle Joyce R. De Casa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge And Preventive Practices on Dengue Among Residents in Tagbilaran City
In hospitals, leadership is crucial in developing successful teamwork, enhancing nurse satisfaction, and providing high-quality patient care. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the leadership styles of staff nurses working in hospitals in the First District of Bohol, Philippines, and their work environment. To gather information on organizational climate and leadership styles, the study used a descriptive-normative survey approach and a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. Participants got standardized questionnaires. The evaluation was undertaken in partnership with 53 nurses from three district hospitals in Maribojoc, Loon, and Catigbian. Participants were chosen at random. Frequency counts, percentages, and chi-square tests of association were used to assess relationships between workplace parameters, perceived leadership styles, and demographic traits. The results suggest that nurses regularly employed a blend of autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles, consistent with adaptive leadership principles. Overall, the work environment scored well, demonstrating solid organizational structures, cohesive cooperation, well-defined norms, and high standards of excellence. The statistical analysis indicates no significant association (p = 0.937) between the general work environment and leadership styles. Similarly, most demographic characteristics were not substantially associated with leadership styles, except for assignment (p = 0.035). The findings imply that, although people have sound judgments about leadership styles, broader organizational and contextual factors may have a stronger impact on nurses' job experiences. Some recommendations include strengthening leadership development and developing management methods suited to each unit.
Descriptive-Correlational Research Design
Copyright (c) 2024 Bonnibella L. Jamora, Stephanie May L. Calatrava, Keisha Reign C. Raut, Jonah Thresha M. Visarra, Charmiz Marie C. Cubos, Alvia D. Baja, Lovely Loremel S. Mabatu-An, Kyla L. Buhangin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Health Literacy and Awareness on Selected Health Programs in Tagbilaran City
Health literacy and awareness of health programs are critical determinants of effective health service utilization and improved health outcomes. While national data on health literacy in the Philippines are available, city-level evidence integrating both health literacy and health program awareness remains limited, particularly in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional correlational design to determine the level of health literacy and awareness of selected health programs among 395 adult residents from 15 barangays in Tagbilaran City. Stratified random sampling was employed. Health literacy was measured using the HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire, while awareness of selected health programs-including maternal health, infant and child care, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and service delivery networks-was assessed using a standardized awareness tool. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted at a 0.05 significance level. The overall mean health literacy score was 30.22, reflecting a problematic level across the domains of healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion, with disease prevention scoring the lowest. Conversely, respondents demonstrated a high overall level of awareness of selected health programs (mean = 2.81), although awareness related to communicable and non-communicable disease programs was comparatively lower. Educational attainment and occupation were significantly associated with health literacy, while sex and income were significantly associated with awareness levels. A moderate positive correlation was found between health literacy and awareness of health programs (Spearman’s p = 0.605, p < 0.001). Although awareness of health programs in Tagbilaran City is generally high, residents exhibit limited health literacy skills necessary for informed health decision-making.
Communicable and Noncommunicable diseases
Copyright (c) 2024 Rocky Camaligan, Angela Mae Ancog, Criselda Ponce, Katrina Cagaanan, Veronica Mirzi Duran, Marie Joyce Liston, Khimberly Amor Pairat, Cheryl Niña Salva, Rhona Mae Soriano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Infection Prevention Measures and Barriers to Compliance Among Nursing Students of The University of Bohol
Infection prevention measures encompass a range of strategies and actions to reduce the risk of acquiring or transmitting infections. Conversely, barriers to compliance refer to factors or obstacles that impede adherence to recommended infection prevention practices among nursing students. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve infection control practices and ultimately enhance patient safety among nursing students at the University of Bohol. This quantitative correlational research study was conducted to determine the infection prevention measures practiced and the barriers to compliance among the two hundred forty-eight randomly selected nursing students of the University of Bohol. The data were subjected to the Chi-Square Test and Spearman Rank Correlational Test, which revealed no significant relationship between the respondents' demographic profile and infection prevention measures. In contrast, results revealed a significant relationship between the respondents' demographic profile and barriers to compliance. It further revealed no significant correlation between the infection prevention measures and barriers to compliance. The findings imply the need for universal compliance, emphasizing the complexity of factors influencing healthcare practices. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to enhance overall infection prevention practices among nursing students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rochelle Ann M. Sajonia, Princess Mickaela M. Guiang, Visymeh G. Boyles, Nichole Mitch B. Requina, Marcony Angela Olivar, Kyla Mae B. Acero, Melody Faith M. Aparre, Regine Rose Genon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dietary Habits and Academic Performance Among Third Year Nursing Students in The University of Bohol, Tagbilaran City
This study investigated the correlation between the eating habits of third-year nursing students and their academic performance at the University of Bohol, Tagbilaran City. It specifically looked into the correlation between students' dietary habits and their grade point averages (GPAs). A descriptive-correlational quantitative research design was employed. The Pro-Healthy Diet Index (pHDI), Non-Healthy Diet Index (nHDI), and Composite Diet Quality Index (DQI) were developed using a modified KomPAN questionnaire, a validated instrument for monitoring dietary changes. The respondents' midterm GPA records were used to evaluate academic success. A total of 190 students were randomly chosen by stratified random sampling and completed the survey. While these data offer insight into this specific cohort, caution is warranted when generalizing to other student populations or academic disciplines. Descriptive data indicated that the majority of respondents (92.1%) exhibited low-intensity mixed eating behaviors, indicating neither notably beneficial nor harmful dietary practices. Academic performance was predominantly strong, with 95.3% of students achieving GPAs between 1.6 and 2.5. Inferential statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the dietary habit index and academic achievement (p = 0.517), indicating that food quality alone did not substantially predict GPA in this very homogeneous student population. The findings complement larger evidence that academic performance is complicated and may be more strongly influenced by lifestyle and contextual variables, such as stress, sleep quality, and the learning environment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rachelle Y. Romanos, Veronica Jeanne M. Geonson, Christine A. Maslog, Gwyneth T. Ardiente, Kyla B. Auguis, Mary Jean V. Cataluña, Renelyn C. Cuizon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices on Hiv/Aids Among Senior High Students of Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding HIV/AIDS among senior high school students at Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School during the 2023–2024 academic year. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used, and 325 randomly selected students were asked to complete a modified questionnaire based on Akello, Ogendi, and Asweto (2023). Descriptive statistics, weighted means, chi-square tests, and Spearman's rho correlation were used to analyze the data. Most respondents were 18–19 years old (92.9%) and mainly enrolled in the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood strand. They showed moderate knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention, and control, along with positive attitudes and preventive practices. Statistical analysis found no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude or between knowledge and practice. However, attitude and practice were substantially correlated, indicating that positive attitudes were associated with improved HIV/AIDS-related behaviors. Academic strand and year level were also strongly associated with the various KAP domains. These data indicate that information alone may not result in preventative measures among teenagers, whereas attitudes are strongly associated with HIV/AIDS-related health behaviors. The findings emphasize the need for school-based interventions that focus on attitude building, stigma reduction, behavioral reinforcement, and information distribution for improving HIV/AIDS prevention among senior high school students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Josefina S. Remoreras, Louie Jay Gunayan, Mylahnie Grace Tutor, Phoebe Gwyneth Bioco, Joy Melissa Rebosura, Joana Jane Pañamogan, Jv Shane Jamora, Kyle Anthony Boiser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, And Barriers Toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Residents in San Isidro, Tagbilaran City
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure that can save lives and is an essential component of efforts to improve survival rates in the event of a cardiovascular emergency. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to evaluate the residents of Barangay San Isidro, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and perceived impediments to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A total of 368 randomly selected residents aged 18–60 years old participated in the study. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data. The research used descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and Spearman's Rank Correlation. During the study, ethical norms were adhered to, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained. The majority of respondents were between the ages of 20 and 24, predominantly female, and had a college education. Respondents who participated in the survey demonstrated a moderate level of awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (mean = 2.72), indicating they recognized its relevance. This exemplifies the influence of community participation on the development of confidence. Although interest in formal cardiac resuscitation training was moderate, views were generally favorable (mean = 3.66). Among the perceived obstacles, fear of being harmed, lack of self-confidence, and lack of training were all considered moderate (mean = 2.995). Knowledge and attitude were significantly related (p = .000), and knowledge and perceived barriers were significantly associated (p = .004). There was also a correlation between age, educational attainment, and knowledge and attitude.
Nash Benzl F. Sandigan Nash Benzl F. Sandigan
Copyright (c) 2024 Layna B. Opaco, Kristal Jane M. Sioco, Jay A. Paypa, Kyle Nichole C. Yana, Glydel L. Barcial, Jamaicah Reach P. Dagohoy, Arbe Mae T. Madrona, Nash Benzl F. Sandigan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge And Attitude Toward the Care of The Elderly Among University of Bohol Nursing Students
Knowledge refers to the information acquired through formal or informal education, as well as the comprehension and abilities gained through education or experience. Attitude refers to how an individual thinks and feels, and how they behave toward others or objects. The elderly constitute a growing proportion of the Philippine population and of hospital admissions. Assessing nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward caring for older adults is essential to the provision of high-quality care. This study employed a quantitative correlational research approach to determine whether a relationship exists between the variables Knowledge and Attitude among Level 3 and Level 4 regular students at the University of Bohol. Respondents completed the Demographic Profile, Knowledge of the Aging Process, and Attitude toward the Care of the Elderly questionnaires. The respondents were highly knowledgeable about the aging process and had a Positive Attitude toward older adults. Correlational analyses showed that the respondents' demographic profile (age, sex, and year level) and their knowledge and attitudes were not correlated. It was shown that there is no relationship between the variables, Knowledge and Attitude. This suggests that knowledge and attitudes alone may not directly correlate with nursing students' care for older adults.
Copyright (c) 2024 Andrea Christine S. Lao, Mary Grace Gallardo, Anne Yvette A Gales, Jerard Marco R. Vallecér, Kimberly V. Basilad, Alliah A. Marqueso, Anne Glicerey G. Curayag, Melinda C. Pausanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Awareness And Attitudes Towards Contraceptives Among Teenagers Of Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Despite a decline in national prevalence in teenage pregnancy, it remains a persistent public health concern in the Philippines. Awareness and attitude on the use of contraceptives are important factors in addressing the rise in teenage pregnancy, especially since the adolescent period is the stage where individuals are risk takers and sexual desire towards the opposite sex is at its peak, which may lead to premarital sex that results in teenage pregnancy. However, the use of contraceptives among unmarried Filipino individuals is still considered unacceptable in the community; thus this study was conducted to assess the level of awareness and attitudes toward contraceptives among teenagers in Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City, Bohol. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed with 318 respondents aged 15–19 years, including both in-school and out-of-school youth. Data were collected using validated questionnaires to assess respondents' awareness and attitudes toward the use of contraceptives. Reliability testing yielded acceptable Cronbach's alpha values (.859 for awareness and .88 for attitude. The gathered data were tested for normality and statistically analyzed. Results indicated that respondents demonstrated moderate awareness (composite mean = 2.92) and a moderately positive attitude toward contraceptives (composite mean = 2.81). Significant relationships were found between demographic variables (age, sex, and educational status) and both awareness and attitude (p < .05). A significant positive correlation was also observed between awareness and attitude toward contraceptives (p < .001).
Copyright (c) 2024 Bonnibella L. Jamora, Azucena F. Salaum, Mary Claire B. Cubelo, Mara Ashlen M. Dahab, Pia Jane C. Clarin, Maria Charlene A. Credo, Jascha Cynth G. Cristobal, Emee Nicole M. Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Leadership Styles and Work Environment Among Staff Nurses in First District Hospitals, Bohol
In hospitals, leadership is critical to fostering effective teamwork, increasing nurse satisfaction, and delivering high-quality patient care. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between the leadership styles of staff nurses working in hospitals in the First District of Bohol, Philippines, and their working conditions. To gather information on organizational climate and leadership styles, the study used a descriptive-normative survey approach and a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. Participants got standardized questionnaires. The evaluation was undertaken in partnership with 53 nurses from three district hospitals in Maribojoc, Loon, and Catigbian. Participants were selected at random. The associations between workplace factors, perceived leadership styles, and demographic features were assessed using frequency counts, percentages, and chi-square tests of association. The findings indicate that nurses frequently used a combination of autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles, in accordance with adaptive leadership principles. Overall, the work environment performed admirably, exhibiting strong organizational structures, cohesive cooperation, well-defined norms, and high standards of excellence. The statistical study found no significant relationship between the general work environment and leadership styles (p = 0.937). Similarly, except for assignment (p = 0.035), most demographic factors showed no significant association with leadership styles. The findings imply that, although people have sound judgments about leadership styles, broader organizational and contextual factors may have a stronger impact on nurses' job experiences. Some recommendations include strengthening leadership development and developing management methods suited to each unit.
Quantitative Descriptive-Correlational Design
Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin C. Ibañez, Joybel C. Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sexual and Non-Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Youth in Tagbilaran City
Youth is a period when individuals engage in exploratory behaviors as part of their self-discovery. During this phase, individuals may wind up doing non-sexual risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, drinking, drug use, suicidal ideation, and sexual risk-taking behaviors like premarital sex, unprotected sex, and multiple sex partners. These behaviors can be detrimental to the overall well-being of individuals. A single case of risk-taking behavior is already an alarming issue since it can cause harm to one's life. This study was conducted to identify the relationship among risk-taking behaviors such as smoking and drinking, drinking and drug use, suicidal ideation and smoking, and sexual and non-sexual risk-taking behaviors. The study utilized a quantitative-correlational method using a standardized questionnaire. Three hundred ninety-eight participants from the different barangays in Tagbilaran City aged 19 to 29 years old were included in the study through random sampling, ensuring that each of the fifteen barangays in Tagbilaran City was well-represented. Data revealed a significant correlation between smoking and drinking, suicidal ideation and smoking, and sexual and non-sexual risk-taking behavior. The interplay of the risky behaviors that the youth engage in is concerning since it may cause problems later in life. Parents, educational institutions, and the local government units play a significant role in mitigating these behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Charito B. Sapong, Araneta, Gloria Leodivica I, Maricor C. Daguplo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Proposed Enhancement Program for Creditors and Borrowers Based on Risk Management Insights in Client Appraisal
Microfinancing institutions play a vital role in supporting community borrowers by providing short-term loans to address gaps in funding for household expenses, education, entrepreneurial initiatives, and other essential expenditures when primary income sources are insufficient. This study examines credit appraisal practices as a risk management strategy among microfinance institutions operating within the adopted communities of the College of Business and Accountancy, Teachers College, and the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Bohol. This study employed a mixed-methods methodology and collected data from 71 participant-borrowers by administering surveys and conducting in-depth interviews. The creditors agree to the practice of credit appraisal to check the borrower's capacity to pay, mainly as part of credit risk management. Similarly, credit appraisal is a generally accepted practice among community borrowers where past payment behavior and means to pay are factors. The results showed no significant difference between the parties involved in providing short-term credit to community borrowers, typically agreeing with the conduct of credit appraisal as required by the MFIs. This study suggests a program to strengthen borrowers' financial literacy through seminars to better credit handling behaviors and implement flexible payment terms with the MFIs, incorporating income cycles with the leveraging of technology to monitor credit in real-time. The creation of cooperatives and collective savings clubs are future opportunities to enhance community resilience and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marissa Garsuta, Karen Labor, Mar Fermino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Credit Risk Management and Practices of Creditors and Borrowers in Collection Policy: A Comparative Analysis
The study examines the global economic challenges in 2024 and focuses on the recovery of the Philippine economy, stressing the importance of credit risk management and practices in communities supported by the University of Bohol. It shows that microfinance institutions (MFIs) can help improve financial health by offering better credit management and practices in collection policy, especially for borrowers with limited financial knowledge and inconsistent incomes. The results show that both borrowers and creditors are satisfied with the collection policies, but improvements are needed in payment options, debt recovery, and financial education. It is recommended to simplify payment processes, improve collections, offer ongoing training, and gather feedback to align policies. These changes will help strengthen credit risk management and practices to improve the community’s financial stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Maria Luisa L. Arbasto, Margorie C. Horca, Annabelle M. Libres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Financial Literacy and Financial Management Practices Among Teachers and Parents in Adopted Communities Of University of Bohol
This study aimed to determine the relationship between financial literacy and financial management practices among teachers and parents in the adopted communities of the University of Bohol. Specifically, it sought to determine their knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors toward financial matters and their application of sound financial principles. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing mixed-method research. The study was conducted in Bayacabac Elementary School in Maribojoc, Bohol; Lourdes Elementary School, Cortes, Bohol; and Songculan Elementary School, Dauis, Bohol. The population consisted of 429 parents, and 39 teachers’ participants were selected using random sampling. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly adhered to throughout the research process. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency counts, percentages, and means. The findings revealed that the respondents had a significant degree of difference in financial literacy. However, their financial management practices were found to be insignificant. The study concluded that there is a need to enhance the financial literacy of teachers and parents in the adopted communities. Financial literacy programs, and workshops can be implemented to improve their knowledge and skills in financial management. By promoting financial literacy, individuals can make informed financial decisions, reduce financial stress, and improve their overall well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hazel G. Bungabong, Michaela D. Rosalejos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Credit Risk Management and Practices of Adopted Communities Of The University Of Bohol
Credit risk management is the process that microfinance institutions (MFIs) use to manage the risks of borrowers defaulting on their loans. Credit risk practices are the day-to-day actions and procedures that help the MFIs bring these strategies to life. The study assessed credit risk management and practices among creditors and borrowers in the University of Bohol's adopted communities with the aim of offering an enhancement program. It examined the demographic profiles of borrowers and their level of credit risk management. Moreover, it investigated the correlation between these profiles and their credit risk practices. The study utilized a quantitative approach. It used descriptive-normative survey to collect data through a standardized questionnaire. Stratified random sampling was applied to select borrower participants from three adopted communities. A total of 71 borrowers, representing about 20% of the borrowers were randomly chosen. The study revealed that younger and middle-aged individuals, especially women and small business owners, are the main borrowers in microfinance institutions. Additionally, borrowers widely supported credit risk management and practices, with an overall mean of 3.28 and 3.37, respectively. Lastly, the spearman rank correlation test showed that there is no significant correlation between borrowers’ demographic profiles and their level of credit risk management and practices. The lack of significant correlations between demographic profile and borrowers' level of credit risk management and practices indicates that these practices are well understood by borrowers across different borrower groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annalou B. Arañez, Mila L. Tagubar, Rhineheart Michelle R. Trabajo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring The Financial Journeys Among Parents and Teachers in University of Bohol Adopted Communities
Financial literacy and management profoundly impact individuals' economic prosperity and general welfare. However, the personal experience underlying financial literacy and management practices has been inadequately investigated, especially among parents and teachers in community environments. This qualitative study, Exploring the Financial Journeys Among Parents and Teachers in University of Bohol Adopted Communities, investigates the role of financial literacy and financial management practices in shaping the lives of teachers and parents within these communities. This study explores how individuals perceive the significance of financial literacy, techniques to boost their monetary knowledge, and the impediment to economic security, particularly for parents juggling several dependents with restricted budgets and teachers balancing private finances with professional duties. This study identifies key strategies participants use to increase their financial literacy through targeted group conversations, including joining savings organizations and looking for additional income. There are still issues, though, such as low income, dependency on loans, and restricted or limited access to financial education. The study also reveals how institutions like the University of Bohol can make a substantial contribution to the development of financial literacy by designing programs, seminars, or training that are specifically targeted to fulfill the needs of the community, offering a supportive financial ecosystem, encouraging community-based financial efforts, and offering easily accessible, valuable programs are some suggestions for advancing financial literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jerome M. Magallen, Jelinda R. Fortich, Jasmin J. Jamero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Influence Of Parenting Styles on Risk-Taking BehaviorsOf Youth in Tagbilaran City
Youth is a critical transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, characterized by distinct physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development, where the influence of parenting styles plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' risk-taking behaviors and overall health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the influence of parenting styles on the risk-taking behaviors of youth in Tagbilaran City. The researchers used the quantitative-descriptive research method using the standardized questionnaire authored by Dr. Leah Wilfreda E. Pilongo. It was conducted across 15 barangays in Tagbilaran City, targeting a youth population of 19,151, with a sample size of 389 respondents, to ensure a broad analysis of the factors influencing their development. The researchers conducted the study following the "do no harm principle." The data were subjected to Pearson Chi-Square Tests to analyze the specified variables. The analysis of the data on parenting styles on sexual risk-taking behaviors of youths in Tagbilaran City indicates that permissive parenting styles—both from mothers and fathers—are associated with higher levels of sexual risk-taking behaviors among youths. In contrast, supportive and affectionate parenting styles do not consistently correlate with these behaviors. Trust appears to have a distinctive influence, especially regarding unprotected sex. These results underscore the intricacies of parental influence on youth behavior and suggest that different dimensions of parenting styles can have varying impacts on youth's decisions related to sexual health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jennifer C. Jumawid, Janice Aurora T. Namoc, Evamy A. Borbano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices on Gender EqualityAmong Public Senior High School Students
Gender equality refers to men and women having equal rights, opportunities, and duties in the family and society. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the connection between knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of gender equality with each other. The study was conducted on 17 schools in BuenTaGe, Sub-Congressional District, Bohol, Philippines. The study surveyed 360 out of 5,427 senior high students in BuenTaGe. It shows that the respondents are highly knowledgeable and have a highly positive attitude and practices toward gender equality. The age and grade level of the respondents have no significant relationship with their KAP of gender equality; sex has a significant relationship with the respondents' KAP on gender equality. The study concluded that the level of knowledge is moderately correlated with the attitude and practices and that the attitude toward gender equality is strongly correlated to the practices. It also concluded that there is a significant difference between the sexes concerning the level of KAP on gender equality. It concluded that the grade level of the students has a significant difference in their level of knowledge and no significant difference in the attitude and practices on gender equality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Virgil B. Bejasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Reading Proficiency Level and Syntactical Skills Among Junior High School Students Talibon II District, Bohol
This study examines the reading proficiency levels and syntactical skills of Grade 9 pupils in Bohol's Talibon II District. A correlational research design was used, with a quantitative technique, to collect data from 295 students through structured questionnaires targeted at testing their abilities in word recognition, reading comprehension, word order, and sentence combination. Pearson Chi-square tests and Spearman Rank Correlation were used to assess the correlations between reading proficiency and syntactical abilities. The statistics show that while students performed adequately in word order, their skill in sentence combination was much lower. The study found no significant relationship between reading competency and syntactical skills, refuting the widely held idea that reading proficiency predicts syntactical ability. A significant correlation was discovered between word identification and reading comprehension, emphasizing the critical importance of vocabulary knowledge in boosting overall reading comprehension. The study shows that targeted therapies are required to improve both syntactical abilities and reading competency in children. Educators and school administrators are encouraged to implement particular training programs aimed at developing these key skills. By adhering to these principles, instructors can help students improve their academic performance and reading skills.
quantitative-correlational research design
Copyright (c) 2024 Shella Mae N. Soria, Angelita S. Borja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Attrition and Migration of Bohol Association of Catholic Schools Teachers of The Diocese of Tagbilaran
Teacher attrition and migration are common occurrences in educational institutions worldwide. Many people will move jobs within their chosen profession or even leave that profession entirely during their professional lives. When teachers move between schools, it is called migration, and when they leave the teaching profession, the term is attrition. The main thrust of the study is to explore the reasons for teacher attrition and migration among the Bohol Association of Catholic Schools of the Diocese of Tagbilaran as they attrit to other organizations or migrated from teaching in private to public school institutions. The study employed a qualitative approach and the five OECD evaluation criteria to gather data to solve the research topics. The study was conducted in the selected member schools of the Bohol Association of Catholic Schools of the Diocese of Tagbilaran. The study identified the informants' schools where the teacher-respondents previously taught and likewise identified the public schools and other organizations where the teachers attrit and migrated. The teacher-informants themed their reasons for attrition and migration into three, and these are personal motive, financial motive, and future motive. The majority of the five teacher-informants interviewed regarding the reasons for their attrition cited personal motives as the primary cause while four teacher-informants agreed that the financial motive is the main reason they migrated to public school. In terms of relevance, they all feel the relevance of the programs, policies, and benefits from their current past and current organizations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Narito M. Arcay Jr., Jan Noche T. Rebucas, Roland L. Aparece https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0